Constructing a Scientific Land Ecological Security Evaluation Indicator System: Principles and Methods
构建科学的土地生态安全评价指标体系：原则与方法

摘要

本文以土地生态安全评估为研究对象，对山东省泰安市土地生态安全状况进行研究，构建评价指标体系，运用压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型进行评价，并提出改善建议。本文首先介绍相关概念，强调土地生态安全在可持续发展中的重要性。土地生态安全不仅仅是土地的存在，它还考虑土地生态系统的质量和可持续性，以确保它们在保持稳定性的同时满足人类的需求。本文阐述了土地生态安全评估的流程，包括指标体系的建立、土地生态状态的分类、数据收集、分析和制定改善建议。评价指标的选择基于其与特定生态系统的相关性，包括土地利用模式、植被覆盖、土壤质量、水资源和野生动物多样性等因素。指标权重通过专家意见、层次分析法（AHP）和数据驱动方法确定。本文还介绍了土地生态学的理论基础，包括物种多样性、能量流、养分循环以及土地生态系统提供的生态系统服务，这些理论为理解和研究土地生态安全提供了基础。此外，本文介绍了泰安市社会经济概况，包括2015年至2020年的人口、城镇化率、GDP和经济趋势，重点关注了2019年COVID-19疫情的影响。讨论了指标体系构建的原则，强调客观性、代表性、可行性和全面性等科学性原则。本文强调在选择评价指标时需要考虑影响土地生态系统的各种自然、社会和经济因素。最后，本文介绍了一个将建成土地生态安全评估指标体系应用于亚太城市的案例研究。该案例研究评估了城市的生态安全，分析了评估结果的意义和影响，并提出了改进建议，包括增加城市绿地覆盖率、管理水资源和应对气候变化。案例研究结果显示，亚太城市的生态系统相对健康。

Abstract

This paper focuses on the assessment of land ecological security, aiming to study the land ecological security in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China. It constructs an evaluation indicator system and utilizes the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model for assessment while proposing improvement recommendations. The paper begins by introducing relevant concepts, emphasizing the importance of land ecological security in sustainable development. Land ecological security goes beyond the mere existence of land; it also considers the quality and sustainability of land ecosystems to ensure they can meet human needs while maintaining stability. The paper elaborates on the process of land ecological security assessment, including the establishment of an indicator system, categorization of land ecological states, data collection, analysis, and the formulation of improvement recommendations. The selection of evaluation indicators is based on their relevance to specific ecosystems and includes factors such as land use patterns, vegetation cover, soil quality, water resources, and wildlife diversity. Indicator weights are determined through expert opinions, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and data-driven methods. The paper also introduces the theoretical foundations of land ecology, including species diversity, energy flow, nutrient cycling, and the ecosystem services provided by land ecosystems. These theories provide the basis for understanding and researching land ecological security. Furthermore, the paper presents a socioeconomic overview of Tai'an City, including population, urbanization rate, GDP, and economic trends from 2015 to 2020, with a focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. The principles of indicator system construction are discussed, emphasizing scientific principles such as objectivity, representativeness, feasibility, and comprehensiveness. The paper highlights the need to consider various natural, social, and economic factors influencing land ecosystems when selecting evaluation indicators. Finally, the paper includes a case study that applies the constructed land ecological security assessment indicator system to an Asia-Pacific city. This case study assesses the ecological security of the city, analyzes the significance and impact of the assessment results, and provides recommendations for improvement, including increasing urban green area coverage, managing water resources, and addressing climate change. The results of the case study reveal a relatively healthy ecosystem in the Asia-Pacific city.